TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES
Mass and Weight
Specific Volume
Density
Specific Gravity
Humidity
Intensive and
Extensive Properties
Summary
2.
TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS
Temperature
Temperature
Scales
Pressure
Pressure Scales
Summary
3. ENERGY,
WORK, AND HEAT
Energy
Potential Energy
Kinetic Energy
Specific Internal
Energy
Specific P-V
Energy
Specific Enthalpy
Work
Heat
Entropy
Energy and Power
Equivalences
Summary
4.
THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEMS AND PROCESSES
Thermodynamic Systems and Surroundings
Types of
Thermodynamic Systems
Thermodynamic
Equilibrium
Control Volume
Steady State
Thermodynamic
Process
Cyclic Process
Reversible
Process
Irreversible
Process
Adiabatic Process
Isentropic
Process
Polytropic
Process
Throttling
Process
Summary
5. CHANGE OF
PHASE
Classification of
Properties
Saturation
Saturated and
Subcooled Liquids
Quality
Moisture Content
Saturated and
Superheated Vapors
Constant Pressure
Heat Addition
Critical Point
Fusion
Sublimation
Triple Point
Condensation
Summary
6. PROPERTY
DIAGRAMS AND STEAM TABLES
Property Diagrams
Pressure-Temperature
(P-T) Diagram
Pressure-Specific
Volume (P-v) Diagram
Pressure-Enthalpy
(P-h) Diagram
Enthalpy-Temperature
(h-T) Diagram
Temperature-Entropy
(T-s) Diagram
Enthalpy-Entropy
(h-s) or Mollier Diagram
Steam Tables
Summary
7. FIRST LAW
OF THERMODYNAMICS
First Law of
Thermodynamics
Summary
8. SECOND LAW
OF THERMODYNAMICS
Second Law of
Thermodynamics
Entropy
Carnot’s
Principle
Carnot Cycle
Diagrams of Ideal
and Real Processes
Power Plant
Components
Heat Rejection
Typical Steam
Cycle
Causes of
Inefficiency
Summary
9.
COMPRESSION PROCESSES
Boyle’s and
Charles’ Laws
Ideal Gas Law
Fluid
Compressibility
of Fluids
Constant Pressure
Process
Constant Volume
Process
Effects of
Pressure Changes on Fluid Properties
Effects of
Temperature Changes on Fluid Properties
Summary
10. HEAT
TRANSFER TERMINOLOGY
Heat and
Temperature
Heat and Work
Modes of
Transferring Heat
Heat Flux
Thermal
Conductivity
Log Mean
Temperature Difference
Convective Heat
Transfer Coefficient
Overall Heat
Transfer Coefficient
Bulk Temperature
Summary
11.
CONDUCTION HEAT TRANSFER
Conduction
Conduction-Rectangular
Coordinates
Equivalent
Resistance Method
Electrical
Analogy
Conduction-Cylindrical
Coordinates
Summary
12.
CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER
Convection
Overall Heat
Transfer Coefficient
Convection Heat
Transfer
Summary
13. RADIANT
HEAT TRANSFER
Thermal Radiation
Black Body
Radiation
Emissivity
Radiation
Configuration Factor
Summary
14. HEAT
EXCHANGERS
Heat Exchangers
Parallel and
Counter-Flow Designs
Non-Regenerative
Heat Exchanger
Regenerative Heat
Exchanger
Cooling Towers
Log Mean
Temperature Difference Application to Heat Exchangers
Overall Heat
Transfer Coefficient
Summary
15. BOILING
HEAT TRANSFER
Boiling
Nucleate Boiling
Bulk Boiling
Film Boiling
Departure from
Nucleate Boiling and Critical Heat Flux
Summary
16. HEAT
GENERATION
Heat Generation
Flux Profiles
Thermal Limits
Average Linear
Power Density
Maximum Local
Linear Power Density
Temperature
Profiles
Volumetric
Thermal Source Strength
Fuel Changes
During Reactor Operation
Summary
17. DECAY
HEAT
Reactor Decay
Heat Production
Calculation of
Decay heat
Decay Heat Limits
Decay Heat
Removal
Summary
18.
CONTINUITY EQUATION
Introduction
Properties of
Fluids
Buoyancy
Compressibility
Relationship
Between Depth and Pressure
Pascal’s Law
Control Volume
Volumetric Flow
Rate
Mass Flow Rate
Conservation of
Mass
Steady-State Flow
Continuity
Equation
Summary
19. LAMINAR
AND TURBULENT FLOW
Flow Regimes
Laminar Flow
Turbulent Flow
Flow Velocity
Profiles
Average (Bulk)
Velocity
Viscosity
Ideal Fluid
Reynolds Number
Summary
20.
BERNOULLI’S EQUATION
General Energy
Equation
Simplified
Bernoulli Equation
Head
Energy
Conversions in Fluid Systems
Restrictions on
the Simplified Bernoulli Equation
Extended
Bernoulli
Application of
Bernoulli’s Equation to a Venturi
Summary
21. HEAD LOSS
Head Loss
Friction Factor
Darcy’s Equation
Minor Losses
Equivalent Piping
Length
Summary
22. NATURAL
CIRCULATION
Forced and
Natural Circulation
Thermal Driving
Head
Conditions
Required for Natural Circulation
Example of
Natural Circulation Cooling
Flow Rate and
Temperature Difference
Summary
23. TWO-PHASE
FLUID FLOW
Two-Phase Fluid
Flow
Flow Instability
Pipe Whip
Water Hammer
Pressure spike
Steam Hammer
Operational
Considerations
Summary
24.
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
Energy Conversion
in a Centrifugal Pump
Operating
Characteristics of a Centrifugal Pump
Cavitation
Net Positive
Suction Head
Pump Laws
System
Characteristic Curve
System Operating
Point
System Use of
Multiple Centrifugal Pumps
Centrifugal Pumps
in Parallel
Centrifugal Pumps
in Series
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